Julián Marías (1914-2005) è un pensatore ancora poco conosciuto al lettore italiano, spesso oscurato dall’ombra del suo celebre maestro, José Ortega y Gasset. Filosofo indipendente e coraggioso, offre una proposta più coerente rispetto a Ortega sul tema essenziale comune a entrambi: il poter “dare ragione” della vita evitando gli opposti scogli del razionalismo e del vitalismo. “Dare ragione” della vita significa comprenderla nella sua “condizione morale” che trova espressione nel desiderio di felicità, nell’esigenza di amore e di amicizia, nei (...) differenti vissuti di ciascuna età. Significa riconoscerne la dimensione elettiva: vivere è preferire, saper fornire ragioni per l’opzione di qualcosa rispetto a qualcos’altro. Per questo motivo, più che alla categoria del bene, l’attenzione è rivolta a quella del meglio, fondamentale per comprendere il senso pieno delle proprie scelte e dell’intera trama della propria biografia. (shrink)

En el siglo XX se ha realizado un " punto de inflexión " en la filosofía, que ha sido conocido por muy pocos, que ha sido abandonado apenas entrevisto. Este libro es el intento de tomarlo en serio y ensayar una visión de los problemas morales que no lo pase por alto; dicho con otras palabras, que no sea arcaico.

Data involving epistemic modals suggest that some classically valid argument forms, such as _reductio_, are invalid in natural language reasoning as they lead to modal collapses. We adduce further data showing that the classical argument forms governing the existential quantifier are similarly defective, as they lead to a _de re–de dicto_ collapse. We observe a similar problem for disjunction. But if the classical argument forms for negation, disjunction and existential quantification are invalid, what are the correct forms that govern the (...) use of these items? Our diagnosis is that epistemic modals interfere with hypothetical reasoning. We present a modal first-order logic and model theory that characterizes hypothetical reasoning with epistemic modals in a principled manner. One upshot is a sound and complete natural deduction system for reasoning with epistemic modals in first-order logic. (shrink)

Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

Movido no sólo por haber experimentado intensas ilusiones a lo largo de su vida, sino por su propia vocación teórica, y, una vez puesto a la tarea, por los sorprendentes hallazgos, en primer lugar, de que la palabra ilusión -«tan general, de tan larga historia, de tan claro linaje latino, común a tantas lenguas»- es algo privado del hispanohablante, y en segundo, de la casi absoluta ignorancia acerca de esta emoción, J. Marías aborda en este libro un insólito y fascinante (...) recorrido por este «secreto de la lengua española». A partir de aquí, y a través de sus distintos capítulos, Marías analiza con su indiscutible sabiduría las relaciones del término, y aquello que designa, con la imaginación, el tiempo, el deseo, la vocación, el amor y, por último, con la presencia y la ausencia del propio objeto de la ilusión. (shrink)

Este estudo investigou a prevalência de problemas de comportamento, medidos através do CBCL, em uma amostra de 366 crianças, estudantes de primeira a quarta série do ensino fundamental da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados a partir das informações obtidas por pais, mães ou demais c..

Un conocimiento profundo de la historia y la experiencia de una vida bastante larga han llevado al autor a revisar lo que ha sido la obra y a meditar sobre el estado actual de una de las dimensiones decisivas de la vida humana, uno de los núcleos en torno a los cuales se organiza la vida, y precisamente en sus estratos más profundos, donde se encuentran las raíces de casi todos los demás. Las deficiencias en este aspecto contrastan con el (...) nivel de otros aspectos de nuestro tiempo, en el que se ha llegado a matices de una finura e intensidad que nunca habían sido posibles. Al estudiar esta faceta de la vida humana se comprende la historia de una manera inesperada, y a la vez se siente temor por las posibilidades que se pueden perder. El peligro está en que se pueda decir, con Antonio Machado: "tengo en moneda de cobre el oro de ayer cambiado". Pero siempre se puede hacer la operación inversa y trocar el cobre por una resplandeciente moneda de oro. En esto consiste la educación sentimental. (shrink)

In this penetrating exploration of human reality, written “in a single mental movement of almost sixteen unbroken months of work,” Marias has produced the most personal and original—and quite possibly the most important—of his many books. Its theme is its greatest novelty: the discovery of the level of reality that represents the empirical structure of human life. _Metaphysical Anthropology _brings to full development the course of Marias’s thought over a period of twenty years, and completes the interpretation of philosophical theory (...) that began with his presentation of the philosophical past and continued through his view of the theory of human life in its collective concreteness. _Metaphysical Anthropology _will also appear in separate Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian editions, as well as in other major languages. (shrink)

Pasiones del alma y sentimientos, el sentido íntimo y la condición carnal, la intrahistoria, las relaciones entre dependencia y dominio, la maternidad, la belleza, los deseos y pretensiones, la amistad, la interpretación de la mujer por la palabra, la amistad y el amor entre hombre y mujer, la sombra que afecta a la imagen de la mujer, ese 'continente misterioso', son algunos de los aspectos investigados en La mujer y su sombra.

Aunque admito sin reservas -nos dice Spinoza en su TTP- que todas las cosas son determinadas por leyes universales de la naturaleza a existir y a obrar de una forma fija y determinada, afirmo, no obstante, que [...], para el uso de la vida,...

This article presents our experience as a multidisciplinary team systematizing and analyzing the transcripts from a large-scale (1.775 conversations) series of conversations about Chile’s future. This project called “Tenemos Que Hablar de Chile” [We have to talk about Chile] gathered more than 8000 people from all municipalities, achieving gender, age, and educational parity. In this sense, this article takes an experiential approach to describe how certain interdisciplinary methodological decisions were made. We sought to apply analytical variables derived from social science (...) theories and operationalize them through modern linguistics to guide a more theoretically informed natural language processing. The analysis was divided into three stages: (1) a descriptive analysis adapting descriptions of computational grounded theory, (2) a futurization analysis operationalizing concepts from futures studies, and (3) an argumentative analysis operationalizing concepts from argumentation theory. Overall, our methodological experimentation shed light on potential learnings for integrating a multidisciplinary perspective on NLP analysis with sensitive social content. Firstly, we developed a strategy for translation of knowledge based on the construction of what we called "analytical categories” in which a normative expectation or descriptive dimension was identified in the body of literature, operationalized through linguistics, and programmed in Python or R. Ultimately, we seek to reflect on the importance interdisciplinarity not only as means to find new analysis ideas but rather, to incorporate the critical, political and epistemological points of view to understand analysis as complex socio-technical processes. (shrink)